ABSTRACT The present study analyzed the effect of artificial perches in the supply of vegetal propagules and in the avifauna attraction in degraded area due to mining, in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The seed rain was sampled monthly from December, 2014 to April, 2015, in four collector tables arranged under artificial perches and in four control collector tables (without perches). We compared the seeds number by the Mann-Whitney U test (5% probability level) and used the Spearman correlation to calculate the association degree among the visitor birds on perches and the seeds number sampled in the collectors under perches. The avifauna monitoring was performed during the same period by fixed point method, totalizing 40 hours of sampled effort. The treatments differed statistically, with registration of 1588 seeds in the tables under perches and 237 seeds in the tables without perches. The sampling of seed rain in the perches followed the pattern of avifauna visitation, presenting high value to coefficient of association degree (0.975). We observed nine species of birds in the study area, and the Tyrannidae family was predominant. The species observed visiting the artificial perches were Knipolegus lophotes and Tyrannus melancholicus, both from Tyrannidae family. The number of sampled seeds demonstrates that artificial perches were efficient to return seed rain in the mined areas. The Tyrannidae family demonstrates to be the most effective group of birds to dispersion of seeds in the local of study.

RESUMO O presente estudo analisou o efeito de poleiros artificiais no aporte de propágulos vegetais e na atração da avifauna em área degradada pela mineração, no Rio Grande do Sul, Sul do Brasil. A chuva de sementes foi amostrada mensalmente de dezembro de 2014 a abril de 2015, em quatro mesas coletoras dispostas sob poleiros artificiais e em quatro mesas coletoras testemunhas (sem poleiros). Comparamos o número de sementes pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney (nível de probabilidade de 5%) e usamos a correlação de Spearman para calcular o grau de associação entre as aves visitantes nos poleiros e o número de sementes amostradas nos coletores sob poleiros. O monitoramento da avifauna foi realizado no mesmo período pelo método de ponto fixo, totalizando 40 horas de esforço amostral. Os tratamentos diferiram estatisticamente, com registro de 1588 sementes nas mesas sob poleiros e 237 sementes nas mesas testemunhas. A amostragem da chuva de sementes nos poleiros seguiu o padrão de visitação da avifauna, apresentando alto valor para o coeficiente de grau de associação (0,975). Observamos nove espécies de aves na área de estudo, sendo a família Tyrannidae predominante. As espécies observadas visitando os poleiros artificiais foram Knipolegus lophotes e Tyrannus melancholicus, ambos da família Tyrannidae. O número de sementes amostradas demonstra que os poleiros artificiais foram eficientes para o retorno da chuva de sementes nas áreas mineradas. A família Tyrannidae demonstra ser o grupo de aves mais eficaz para dispersão de sementes no local de estudo.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os padrões florísticos da regeneração natural em habitats de nascentes submetidos a diferentes ações de restauração ecológica na floresta estacional do bioma Mata Atlântica, Rio Grande do Sul. A composição florística foi avaliada em seis nascentes antes das ações de restauração e 12 meses depois. Todos os indivíduos regenerantes com altura maior ou igual a 30 cm e diâmetro à altura do peito menor ou igual a 5 cm foram contados e identificados em oito parcelas em cada nascente. A riqueza e abundância de cada nascente em cada avaliação foram comparadas pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P <0,05). A Análise de Correspondência Retificada (DCA) foi realizada para verificar os padrões florísticos e a associação entre as espécies. Os resultados mostraram um aumento na riqueza e abundância após a implementação da restauração ecológica. A DCA apresentou uma composição florística distinta entre as nascentes. A vegetação natural remanescente nas áreas de nascente e o estágio sucessional da vegetação influenciaram o padrão de composição florística. A restauração passiva, efetivada pelo cercamento, favoreceu o desenvolvimento da regeneração natural.

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed natural regeneration floristic patterns in spring habitats submitted to different ecological restoration actions in the seasonal forest in Atlantic Forest biome, Rio Grande do Sul. We assessed floristic composition in six springs before restoration actions and 12 months later. We identified and counted all regenerating individuals with height greater than or equal to 30 cm and diameter at breast height less than or equal to 5 cm in eight plots in each spring. The richness and abundance of each spring and assessment were compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was performed to verify floristic patterns and association between species. Results showed an increase in richness and abundance after ecological restoration implementation. The DCA showed a distinct floristic composition between springs. The springs remaining natural vegetation and the successional stage of these vegetation influenced the natural regeneration floristic composition pattern. Passive restoration, which was effective by enclosure, favored natural regeneration recruitment.

Abstract This study evaluates the potential of fauna attractiveness according to brushwood transposition in an abandoned mining area under restoration in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Sixteen areas of brushwood measuring 2 m² area and 1 m high were installed. The occurrence of fauna groups under and around the brushwood piles was then observed with use of bi-monthly surveys. Data were collected using a non-destructive method and the animals were identified by order and separated by taxonomic units. Twenty-three fauna orders were found, with the most frequent being Anura, Araneae, Hymenoptera and Isoptera. There was an increase in the number of taxonomic units found in each survey, with a significant difference after ten months of installation. The results indicate that the brushwood was attractive to the fauna and provided new habitats and coexistence between different fauna groups during the monitored period.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the floristic composition and density of a seed bank transposed from a Seasonal Forest fragment in Rio Grande do Sul. The seed bank of the (BSI) fragment center and edge (BSII) of another forest fragment was also evaluated, both at medium to advanced successional stages. The seed bank was deposited in Brown-Gray Argisol and Red Argisol using exposed soil plots as control. ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p<0.05) were used to compare treatments for density and species richness. The density of individuals did not differ between treatments. Species richness was higher for BSI and BSII treatments in relation to control. The floristic composition presented different life forms, but was mainly composed of herbaceous species. It was concluded that the seed bank from the two donor areas contributed to the expansion of species richness in two soil types.

Conhecer a regeneração florestal em áreas dominadas por bambu pode auxiliar no gerenciamento das espécies nestas áreas, assim como auxiliar em propostas de recuperação e restauração destes ambientes. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a estrutura, composição florística, mecanismos de dispersão, tolerância à sombra e hábito de vida das espécies da regeneração natural presentes em área sob domínio da espécie exótica Bambusa tuldoides Munro. O estudo foi desenvolvido em área de floresta estacional, município de Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram demarcadas 30 parcelas de 12x12 m, totalizando 0,432 ha de amostragem. Foram medidos e identificados todos os indivíduos presentes na classe I: altura maior ou igual a 30 cm e menor que 130 cm (30≤ H<130 cm) e na classe II: circunferência à altura do peito menor ou igual a 5 cm (CAP≤5). Foram observadas baixa densidade de indivíduos e espécies, principalmente na Classe II. Ocotea puberula, Myrsine umbellata, Trichilia elegans e Cupania vernalis apresentaram maior distribuição e relação com a área de bambus. Quanto à ecologia das espécies da regeneração, a maiorias destas podem ser classificadas como tolerantes à sombra (53%), de dispersão zoocórica (87%) e hábito de vida arbóreo (54%). Conclui-se que na área de superabundância de Bambusa tuldoides analisada, a classe da regeneração apresenta baixa densidade de espécies, indivíduos de pequeno porte, tolerantes à sombra e de dispersão zoocórica. Estas informações, devem ser consideradas para futuras ações de manejo e recuperação no local de estudo.

Understand the native forest regeneration process in areas dominated by bamboo can be a support to the management of these species, as well as assist in proposals for recovery and restoration of these environments. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate concomitantly the structure, floristic composition, mechanisms of dispersion, shade tolerance and lifeforms of the natural regenerating species present in the area under dominance of exotic species Bambusa tuldoides Munro. The study was carried out in seasonal forest, in the municipality of Eldorado do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty plots of 12x12 m (0.432 ha) were sampled and the plants divided into two classes. In Class I were measured and identified all the individuals with height greater or equal to 30 cm and less than 130 cm (30 ≤ H <130 cm) and in the Class II all the individuals with a circumference at breast height less than or equal to 5 cm (CBH≤5). Low density of individuals and species were observed, mainly in Class II. Ocotea puberula, Myrsine umbellate, Trichilia elegans and Cupania vernalis showed a greater distribution and relation with the bamboos area. About ecology, the majority of regenerating species can be classified as tolerant to shade (53%), zoocoric dispersion (87%) and arboreal lifeform (54%). It is concluded that in the area of superabundance of Bambusa tuldoides, the regeneration class (Class I) presents low density of species, small individuals, tolerant to shade and with zoocoric dispersion. It information should be considered for future management and recovery actions at the site.

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the regeneration of a forest remnant, we installed 256 2 x 2 m plots for measuring forest species individuals with height ≥ 30 cm and stem diameter ≤ 1 cm. Horizontal structure was evaluated and calculated by the Shannon (H') diversity index and the Pielou (J) evenness index. We performed clustering analysis by the agglomerative and divisive hierarchical method (the variable was the number of individuals); and used the Principal Component Analysis to verify the species distribution. We sampled 3021 individuals, distributed in 26 families and 51 species (H' = 2.78 and J = 0.66). Allophylus edulis had the highest values of absolute frequency (63.3) and absolute density (5186 ind.ha-1), while Ligustrum lucidum presented greater dissimilarity. The analysis showed the presence of regeneration mechanisms, and evidenced biological invasion problem.

RESUMO Bambuzais podem acarretar alterações na estrutura e composição florística da regeneração natural. O presente trabalho avaliou o impacto causado por Bambusa tuldoides na regeneração natural de mata ciliar no Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Foram avaliadas duas áreas: mata ciliar sem bambus (SB), como área de referência, e área de mata ciliar substituída por Bambusa tuldoides (CB). Em 2014, dez parcelas (10x10 m) foram instaladas em cada área. Todos os indivíduos pertencentes às classes I (30≤ H<130 cm) e II (CAP≤5 cm) foram identificados. Avaliaram-se composição florística, índices fitossociológicos, índice de diversidade de Shannon, diversidade de Margalef Dominância de Simpson, similaridade de Sorensen e análise de agrupamento por Twinspan. Riqueza e densidade absoluta foram menores em CB, comparativamente a SB. As áreas apresentaram baixa similaridade florística e alta dominância de uma ou mais espécies em ambas as classes. Myrtaceae foi a família predominante em SB, com destaque para Campomanesia xanthocarpa. Em CB, a maioria das espécies foram secundárias, como Myrsine umbellata, Cupania vernalis e Ocotea puberula. Devido às grandes diferenças entre SB e CB, os agrupamentos formados ficaram restritos, em sua maioria, às espécies de cada área. Espécies como Myrsine umbellata (classe I e II) e Strichnos brasiliensis (classe II) aparecem como indicadoras e formadoras de grupos em CB. Conclui-se que adensamentos de Bambusa tuldoides afetam a riqueza e diversidade da regeneração natural, alterando o estabelecimento e perpetuação das espécies. Espécies secundárias demonstram maior potencial de adaptação a estes ambientes, podendo atuar como espécies-chave em ações de manejo e recuperação.

ABSTRACT Bamboo grove may cause changes in the structure and floristic composition of natural regeneration. This study evaluated the impact caused by Bambusa tuldoides Munro at natural regeneration, in riparian forest in Rio Grande do Sul, south of Brazil. Two areas were evaluated: riparian forest without bamboos (SB) as the reference area, and riparian forest dominated by Bambusa tuldoides (CB). In 2014, ten plots (10x10 m) were installed in each area. All individuals belonging to classes I (30≤ H <130 cm) and II (CBH≤5 cm) were measured and identified. Floristic composition, phytosociological indexes, Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness, Simpson dominance, Sorensen similarity, and cluster analysis by Twinspan were evaluated. Richness and absolute density decreased in CB compared to SB. The areas presented low floristic similarity, and high dominance of one or more species in both classes. Myrtaceae was the predominant botanic family in SB, especially Campomanesia xanthocarpa. In CB most species were secondary, as Myrsine umbellata, Cupania vernalis, and Ocotea puberula. Due to the large differences between SB and CB, the groups formed were restricted mostly to the species of each area. Species such as Myrsine umbellata (class I and II) and Strichnos brasiliensis (class II) appear as indicators and former of groups in CB. We concluded that high density of Bambusa tuldoides affect the richness and diversity of regeneration natural, changing the establishment and perpetuation of the species. Secondary species show greater potential for adaptation to these environments and can act as key species in management and recovery actions.

The current paper focuses on potential medicinal use of forest species from Deciduous Seasonal Forest in central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil. Floristic and phytosociological surveys were carried out in 2011 and 2012. Results were compared with the available information in scientific literature about popular knowledge and biological/pharmacological evidences. Each species was classified in use categories to diseases, symptoms our disorders based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). In 2011, we found a total of 31 species, 77,4% of them with medicinal use. In 2012, we found 33 species,72,7% of them with medicinal use. The species most frequently mentioned were Casearia sylvestris, Eugenia uniflora, Cabralea canjerana, Luehea divaricata, Parapiptadenia rigida and Vitex megapotamica. The main species with biological/pharmacological properties were C. sylvestris, E. uniflora, L. divaricata, V. megapotamica and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium. We concluded that there is a considerable potential for medicinal purposes to forest species from Deciduous Seasonal Forest in the study region. We recommend further studies mainly about the species Prunus myrtifolia, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Cabralea canjerana and Casearia sylvestris which presented references to antitumoral properties.